dryopteris filix mas - GARDEN
Many Dryopteris species are widely used as garden ornamental plants, especially D. affinis, D. erythrosora, and D.
Understanding the Context
filix-mas, with numerous cultivars. Dryopteris filix-mas was throughout much of recent human history widely used as a vermifuge, and was the only fern listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Dryopteris intermedia hybridizes with eight species.
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Key Insights
All hybrids are easily detected by the distinctive glandular hairs on the indusia and, usually, on the costae and costules." Dryopteris are elegant, deciduous, semi-evergreen or evergreen ferns noted for their shuttlecock of arching fronds originating from erect or branching rhizomes. Dryopteris is the most numerous genus of ferns, with over 200 species and many hybrids. They are attractive ornamental ferns, with upright arching fronds that look great in mixed borders with other perennials. Many species are evergreen. ID notes: Dryopteris and Athyrium are often confused when not fertile; they can be easily distinguished by breaking off a leaf and counting vascular bundles (which will appear as thread-like strands).
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Dryopteris spinulosa may refer to one or more woodferns in some references encountered in the literature. When species-relevant information is encountered for D. spinulosa, this review assumes D. spinulosa is a synonym for D. carthusiana. Dryopteris, commonly known as the male fern, is a large and well-known genus of terrestrial (land-growing) leptosporangiate ferns (ferns having small sporangia developed from a single initial cell) belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae (a family of advanced true ferns).
Dryopteris (aka wood ferns or male ferns) represent the largest group of garden-worthy ferns. The genus has a cosmopolitan range with perhaps as many as 400 species that are usually found in woodland habitats. Dryopteris are especially speciose in eastern Asia and the Himalayas.